Advanced Placement (AP) Chemistry Practice Exam

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What defines an interstitial alloy?

Composed of metal atoms with similar radii

Composed of metal atoms with vastly different radii

An interstitial alloy is defined by the presence of atoms of different sizes, where smaller atoms fit into the spaces (interstices) between the larger metal atoms in the crystal structure. The key characteristic that distinguishes interstitial alloys is the significant difference in atomic radii between the constituent elements. This significant size discrepancy allows smaller atoms, such as carbon or nitrogen, to occupy the interstitial spaces in the lattice of larger metal atoms, thus altering the properties of the resulting alloy.

In the context of the other options, those that suggest similar radii, exclusivity to nonmetals, or mixing metals with nonmetals do not accurately describe interstitial alloys. Alloys that involve similar-sized atoms are generally substitutional alloys, while interstitial alloys specifically require the incorporation of smaller atoms into the crystal lattice.

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Formed only by nonmetals

Made by mixing metals with nonmetals

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